Essay Malinowskis Participant-Observation in Modern...

Where does Malinowski’s conceptualization of participant-observation sit in the landscape of modern anthropological fieldwork? A primary objective of the modern ethnographer is to glean insights into the ways people relate to and interact with one another and the world around them. Through participant-observation, Malinowski (1922) offered a valuable tool with which to uncover these insights and understandings, the ethnographer. The ethnographer as research tool has become the basis of much modern anthropological research. As a method, it was a radical departure from the typical approach to fieldwork used in Malinowski’s time which involved techniques that kept the ethnographer distanced and distinct from those they studied (McGee†¦show more content†¦It was only through a ‘process of reengagement’ that she was able to again locate herself within the group and successfully analyze her data, a process at odds with Malinowski’s second imperative (Krieger, 1996, p 183). Thus, Malinowski’s ‘ethnographer as tool’ is still a guiding principle of anthropol ogical fieldwork. However, the location and position of this tool with relation to the community under study has evolved from Malinowski’s limited perception of its scope. To simply be positioned ‘right among the natives’ (Malinowski, 1922, p. 6) does not automatically provide the ethnographer with an insider’s view. It is this realization that has shaped and is still shaping the way fieldwork in modern anthropology is approached. The focus of anthropology can also been seen to have evolved in terms of the premises upon which Malinowski based his anticipated outcomes of research when compared to those of modern ethnographers. The primary purpose of anthropological research identified by Malinowski was that of understanding tribal life objectively and scientifically, in terms of systems of ‘social machinery’ and presenting this for consumption to a Western audience (Malinowski, 1922, p. 109; McGee amp; Warms, 2008). This raises two issues apparent in modern anthropology. First, the relevance, usefulness and problematic nature of a purely objective paradigm within anthropology; and second, the motivations underlying anthropological research andShow MoreRelatedSocial Anthropology : Bronislaw Malinowski1554 Words   |  7 PagesBronislaw Malinowski is arguably the most influential anthropologist of the 20th century, certainly for British social anthropology. Malinowski saw himself as effecting a re volution in anthropology by rejecting the evolutionary paradigm of his predecessors and introducing functionalism, whereby institutions satisfied human biological need, as the way to understand other cultures. I argue that his lasting legacy, however, is methodological rather than theoretical. Although not the first to conductRead MoreFunctionalism And Radcliffe Brown s Functionalism1275 Words   |  6 PagesPart A. In its infancy, the field of anthropology was dominated by only a few schools of thought. In its very earliest years, evolutionism and diffusionism were the foremost theories in anthropology. However, two other theories promptly took the place of evolutionism and diffusionism and ruled the landscape of anthropology for a large swath of the twentieth century. These two theories are known as functionalism, which was developed by Bronislaw Malinowski, and structural functionalism -- developedRead MoreFieldwork in Various Anthropological Schools of Thought Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesCultural anthropology is a social science that studies the origins and development of human societies (History World International, 2001). Many theories to explain cultural variations among humans have emerged. As a result, numerous anthropological schools of thought have been established based on these theories since the nineteenth century. These schools of thought encompass the dominant beliefs about c ulture during a time period and are constantly changing as new knowledge is acquired. As schoolsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Before They Pass Away 1783 Words   |  8 PagesAlexis Giovinazzo Cultural Anthropology March 9th, 2014 Midterm Essay 1: The â€Å"Before They Pass Away† project is led by photographer Jimmy Nelson who travelled the world and documented various indigenous cultures between 2010 and 2013. His project is relatively controversial and is intended to spark conversation about these cultures, as well as remain as a resource over time. Photography can be written off as lacking intimacy and understanding of a society, yet Nelson attempts to go furtherRead Moresociology4813 Words   |  20 Pageslower category of peasants who had small pieces of land and who worked for other cultivators. agragrian class structure thus now can be classified into 4-5 levels :- 1. big landlords, who owned large holdings of land who made the farm worked like a modern industry. 2. Big farmers have land holding from 15-50 acres they either work for their own farms or hier wage labor. 3. middle farmer comparitively have smaller holdings and they do self cultivation may be on a commercial scale with the help of their

Maria Montessori Essay - 780 Words

Maria Montessori was considered ahead of her time. She was born in Chiaravalle, in the province of Ancona, Italy in 1870 to an educated but not wealthy family. Despite her fathers wishes and societys conservative ways at the time, she studied science. She was the first female physician in Italy when she graduated medical school in 1896. She worked mostly with the poor because she saw vast potential in them. She was an unselfish person and she traveled Italy speaking of womens rights and child labor law reforms. Not too long after graduating she was chosen to represent Italy in two different womens conferences. They were at Berlin in 1896 and also in London in 1900. Maria was appointed a professor of anthropology at the University of†¦show more content†¦There is no set level that all children must follow; they learn when they explore by themselves. This method leaves children with freedom where they can learn self-discipline in a place designed specifically for their develop mental needs. Teachers would have a part in the education of children though even though 80% of it was up to the children. Teachers are to make sure that children are presented with the right extent of material at the right time. In other words, if a child is too advanced for one activity, a teacher would present a new one to fit them, and vice versa. Maria believed if her methods were applied to public schools the results would be even better than the traditional method results. Since the government didnt let her, she started to work with poor daycare children. She doubted that her methods would work under these conditions but she had shocking results. She discovered if the children were in an orderly place to work, they will respect that and care for it. They are able to learn longer and better than in an everyday setting. In Montessori preschool, five areas make up the prepared learning environment. These areas include practical life, the sensorial area, mathematics, and cultural activities. In the elementary program, areas include integration, presentation of knowledge, presentation of the formal scientific languages, the use of visual aids, mathematic curriculum, Montessori trained teachers, emphasis on open-ended research andShow MoreRelatedMaria Montessori1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Montessori Philosophy Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was truly a radical in terms of her philosophy regarding children and the fact that she was putting it forward at a time when children were most often thought of as extensions of their parent, their parents beliefs and culture, and a creature to be shaped in ways that would create an appropriate and successful adult based on those beliefs. The collective consciousness regarding childrearing was that it was important to replicateRead MoreMaria Montessori1462 Words   |  6 PagesMaria Montessori Julianne Perry ECE101: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Monica Kelly June 13, 2011 Thesis: Maria Montessori s way of learning is very unique; her theory was for children learn in a natural and parent-supported environment. Outline I. Education of Montessori 1. First woman to receive a Medical Degree in Italy A. Studied psychiatry, education and anthropology. B. Worked, wrote and spoke for children with special needs 2. Many schoolsRead MoreMaria Montessori And The Montessori Method1656 Words   |  7 Pages Maria Montessori was born on August 1870, in a small town in Italy. She was the first woman to obtain her medical degree, which was in 1896. She was intended to challenge the trust of Educations worldwide. In 1906, Maria Montessori worked with handicap children and decided to open her first school, called Casa dei Bambini, which meant Children’s House. She is the founder of education called Montessori Method. The Montessori method teaches children to learn through the work that they do. She isRead MoreDr Maria Montessori1464 Words   |  6 PagesModule 1 1. Discuss life and work of Dr. Maria Montessori and why is she referred to as a  lady much ahead of her time? * Dr. Maria Montessori was born in Italy in 1870. Most of her life was spent in Rome. Her  father Ale jandro was an accountant in government services. Her mother, Renilde , had good education for a woman of her time and was more open to the many transformations that affected daily life at the end of the 19th Century. Maria Montessori, an only child, she was a vivacious, strong-willedRead MoreDiscoveries of Maria Montessori1790 Words   |  8 Pages2. What are the discoveries of Dr. Maria Montessori ? Dr. Maria Montessori was a keen observer of children. She used her observational and experimental proclivities from her medical background to develop, what we might today call, a Constructivist understanding of the process of learning. She studied them scientifically. If she saw some unusual behavior in a child, she would say,†I won’t believe it now, I shall if it happens again†. She studied the conditions in which the children would performRead MoreNormalization: Maria Montessori2025 Words   |  9 PagesIn Montessori education, the term â€Å"normalization† has a specialized meaning. â€Å"Normal† does not refer to what is considered to be â€Å"typical† or â€Å"average† or even â€Å"usual†. â€Å"Normalization† does not refer to a process of being forced to conform. Instead, Maria Montessori used the terms â€Å"normal† and â€Å"normalization† to describe a unique process she observed in child developme nt. Normalization refers to the focus, concentration and independence of the child, by his own choice. It means the child has acquiredRead MoreMaria Montessori and Environment2607 Words   |  11 Pagesself-construction, which had been interrupted, is now taken up again, as nature has intended all along.† E.M Standing, Maria Montessori: her life and work, pg 174 Learning, by itself, cannot happen without concentration. Whether we are learning to tie our shoes, write our name, wash a car or solve complex algebraic equations, there is intense concentration specific to the task at hand. Dr. Maria Montessori understood the power of concentration, and her methodology is designed to nurture this power. ConcentrationRead MoreEssay on Who is Maria Montessori3824 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿Practical Life Rationale Paper 1. Who is Maria Montessori? Please give a brief description of her life. Maria Montessori was the founder of the Montessori approach to education, she was born in Italy in 1870. As a teenager she was an engineer, but later she studied her favor major of medicine. Graduated as Italys first female medical practitioner she embarked on a career in mental health. Following on from this she was asked to head up a childcare project for a social housing initiative andRead MoreMaria Montessori Education Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesMaria Montessori was born on August 31,1870†¯in†¯Chiaravalle, Marche, Italy to a financial manager father and an educated mother who highly valued education. Due to this, Montessori was a properly educated woman with a talent and passion for†¯higher education†¯which was extremely unusual for an Italian woman during her time. In†¯the†¯19th†¯century there was much controversy on whether children belonged in the work field or in the classroom. Based on their families†¯social class†¯a child wo uld either go workRead MoreMaria Montessori : An Educational Philosopher967 Words   |  4 PagesMaria Montessori was an educational philosopher acclaimed for her child-centered education method that primarily focused on children’s natural ability to learn information through the stages of development. Because her method was centered around children, Montessori believed that the classroom environment and materials must be designed to foster children’s natural desire to discover information within their environment (Society, 2016; Pendleton, 2015). According to Northwest (2015), the guiding

Mental health literacy in secondary school - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Mental health literacy in secondary school. Answer: Introduction The current assignment focuses on the importance of mental health and wellness programs in the context of a workplace. Employee well-being is crucial to the sustainability and success of the organization. In this respect, the aspect of mental health is often neglected in comparison to physical health for maintaining the overall well-being of the organizational workforce. However, reports and evidence have shown that 500,000 will not report to their place of work due to mental health issues. A direct correlation has been found to exist between stress and health deterioration of the employees working within an organization. The assignment here discusses the various mental health and wellness programs and their respective components. The development and planning of a mental health wellness program have been discussed with reference to a number of organizations and their effectiveness measured. Components of a mental health and wellness program Some of the common mental health problems such as anxiety and depression account for almost 30% of short term and long term disability claims (Goetzel et al., 2014). Reports have claimed that an organization losses over 6 billion dollars annually in lost productivity, absenteeism and employee turnover. Over 66% of the employees have reported high amount of stress at their place of work. This often results in greater number of staffs changing or leaving their earlier jobs. The abundance of mental illnesses such as stress, depression and anxiety results in 35 million lost days of productive work. Therefore, the incorporation of mental health and wellness program is mandatory for providing the employees with a sound environment. In this respect, the mental health and wellness programs could be divided into a number of essential components such as focussing on the risks group. Some of the initiatives undertook in this regard could be discussed with regards to actual corporate scenario. In this respect Fitbit, which is an American origin health and fitness promoting company through its range of electronic gadgets had been taken into consideration. The company offers wearable health tracking technology which measures activities such as steps walked, heartbeat, blood pressure of the employees and keeps a tab on their overall health ("About Fitbit", 2017). The goal is to set out a competition within the office, where every employee wants to be the fittest. This is further encouraged by organising small fun challenges and activities, where the most active and fit employees are given gifts and prizes at the end of the month. As commented by Baer (2015), a moving and fit body is far away from depression. Some of the important mood-enhancing hormones such as dopamine and serotonin have been found to be well balanced within an active body. Additionally, organizing small counselling sessions with the help of professional therapist within the premises of the organization can be a huge step forward. As commented by Kutcher, Bagnell Wei (2016), making such programs customary can reduce the feeling of shame within the employees who feel disengaged and are hesitant to ask for help. In this respect, some of the organizations such as Zappos which is a Las Vegas-based online retailer shop offer gym memberships, nap rooms and fitness classes to the employees. The nap rooms and the gyms have been installed on purpose to provide the employees with rest and activity breaks within the stressful and demanding work scenario. The fun activities during the break that is basketball, golf and trampolining can reduce the amount of stress within the employees. As commented by Boksa, Joober Kirmayer (2015), nutrition and annual health assessment programs are some of the other intangible components of wellness initiatives. Programs and activities offered in the organization One of the most important activities which could be made a crucial component of the mental health and wellness program is the Employee Assistance Programs. The program is implemented to resolve the personal grievances faced the employees. As commented by Wang et al., (2016), the implementation of regular counselling and physical wellness exams can help in the identification of the problem situation faced by the employees. The stress and anxiety may be often related to factors such as marital tension, emotional vulnerability and family burdens. Therefore, the assistance programs provide the forum for sufficient psychological support to the employees. In this respect, the Toronto based Delta hotels and resorts had gone a step ahead in highlighting and promoting the cause of mental wellness within its employees. The company also organises mental health week to dispense with some of the social misconceptions and stigma attached to mental health issues. The statistics are of much serious concern in Canada 1 in 5 Ontario workers experience mental health problem every year (Michalak et al., 2015). To curb the effects of the same on the lives of the employees and the productivity of the organization a joint initiative had been signed between Ontario health and safety system partners known as Think mental health to provide the business owners with the required amount of resources to understand and manage the mental health of the employees ("Resources for Mental Health in the Workplace | Think Mental Health", 2017). The goal was to set up an active referral channel where the organization has the sufficient support to refer an employee for further counselling and help in the form of counselling sessions from actual therapists. Additionally, some of the framework supported by the initiative such as provision of a buddy system could be helpful in the handling and management of work-related stress. Cultural considerations for designing the programs The implementation of some of the measures is challenging in the context of mental wellness. This is because sometimes the referral programs call for ardent visit to psychologists and clinicians which many of the employees are not comfortable with most of the times. Sometimes are there are immigrants from different countries and nationalities possessing different cultural values and beliefs. This provides much deep-rooted existence to the stigmas surrounding mental health issues. Therefore, the executives need to deal with their subordinate employees with much compassion and patience instead of forcing them to avail the mental health services (Baer, 2015). The delta hotels in this regard organises a mental health awareness campaign to educate the employees and the management of the company regarding the causative factors of the same and the manner in which such issues can be handled. Research outcomes and measuring the effectiveness of the programs The workplace wellness initiatives undertaken by Fitbit was so successful that the plan was further made into a health package and distributed to fortune 500 companies for keeping their members active and healthy. Here, BP Canada propagated the idea of fortune where it asked its employees to walk or run at least one million steps in a year. The goal was to promote the mental and emotional wellness of the employees. In order to measure the outcomes of the programs on employee mental and emotional well being a survey was conducted where the employees were asked questions pertaining to their views on the provision of wearable technologies, regular health assessments along with counselling sessions in making their work less challenging and more productive. Some of the employees mentioned that some of the features of the wearable health trackers can act as additional mood enhancers where a reminder is set every 2 hours in the digital watches motivating the employees with positive quotes. Additionally, the survey revealed that implementation of mental health education in the office premises removes the fear and the anxieties in the mind of the employees regarding approachability issues (Kutcher et al., 2015). Developing and implementing a workplace mental health and wellness program For the implementation of a workplace mental health and wellness programs, a number of steps could be undertaken such as implementation of wearable technologies for assessment of regular health conditions of an employee. In this respect, the mental health and wellness program of a Canada based small-scale organization had been discussed. The EOLIO is an online total solutions provider helping people to control and enhance their online brand (Services, 2017). The organization here is small scale has a limited number of staff and employees. Therefore, the pressure of meeting the client demands and requirements are huge putting in a lot of pressure in the form of target and deadlines to the staff. Therefore, there is a need to provide additional support to the employees in the form of mental wellness programs. Previously, the organisation had in place the Employee assistance programs which were aimed at providing the employees with suitable solutions to the personal and emotional grievance faced by them which could affect their well being and workplace productivity in the long run. However, there are limitations in the delivery of such programs such as confidentiality issues where many employees do not want to indulge in or give out personal details. The involvement of the higher authorities and management can further help in the laying down of the principles and objectives. Goals and expected outcomes of the program In this respect, the EOLIO group organises fun-based activities every Tuesday within the office premises, which reduces the stress and anxiety levels of the employees. Additionally, the company organises a mandatory afternoon nap session for providing the employee with sufficient rest hours. Medical studies and evaluation have revealed that fewer sleep results in the accumulation of toxic proteins within the cerebral cortex which could often affect the memory and retention power in humans. As commented by Attridge, Herlihy Maiden (2013), insufficient sleep has often been found to result in Alzheimers or in extreme cases could lead to depression. The EOLIO group focuses on conducting the program throughout the year rather than on a one-time basis. Apart from the employees the program also includes the management and the higher authorities. Cultural component of a program The EOLIO group respects the cultural sentiments of its employees and believes in preserving them through its wellness programs and initiatives. The company organises fun-filled activities every Tuesday for uplifting the spirit of its employees. Sometimes community-specific activities are organised to exchange and propagate communal love and harmony. As commented by Bardoel et al. (2014), showing compassion and sympathy towards cultural feelings and sensitivity often reduces the feelings of isolation and neglect within an organizational setup. Effectiveness of the program The benefits of the program were analysed through some of the factors such as enhanced productivity at work, reduced rates of absenteeism and better team involvement. The implementation of the program resulted in the reducing the rates of employee turnover. The employees were found to be more satisfied and less miffed up in the context of dealing with heavy burden assignments. Additionally, the provision of performance bonus and incentives also acted as a motivating factor for the employees; motivating the employees to perform better and be appreciated. Conclusion It is important to figure out the vulnerable or the stress takers within the production team of a company. They could be helped with psychological counselling and emotional support to deal with the workload or burden that is taking a toll on their mental and physical health. Additionally, organising mental health awareness campaign can be instrumental in removing the stigma related to mental health issues within a corporate culture. References About Fitbit. (2017). Fitbit.com. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.fitbit.com/in/about Attridge, M., Herlihy, P. A., Maiden, R. P. (Eds.). (2013).The integration of employee assistance, work/life, and wellness services. Abingdon: Routledge, pp.25-63. Baer, R. A. (Ed.). (2015).Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinician's guide to evidence base and applications. London: Academic Press, p.25. Bardoel, E. A., Pettit, T. M., De Cieri, H., McMillan, L. (2014). Employee resilience: an emerging challenge for HRM.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,52(3), 279-297. Boksa, P., Joober, R., Kirmayer, L. J. (2015). Mental wellness in Canadas Aboriginal communities: striving toward reconciliation.Journal of psychiatry neuroscience: JPN,40(6), 363. Goetzel, R. Z., Henke, R. M., Tabrizi, M., Pelletier, K. R., Loeppke, R., Ballard, D. W., ... Serxner, S. (2014). Do workplace health promotion (wellness) programs work?.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,56(9), 927-934. Kutcher, S., Bagnell, A., Wei, Y. (2015). Mental health literacy in secondary schools: a Canadian approach.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America,24(2), 233-244. Michalak, E. E., Lane, K., Hole, R., Barnes, S. J., Khatri, N., Lapsley, S., ... Berk, M. (2015). Towards a better future for Canadians with bipolar disorder: principles and implementation of a community-based participatory research model.Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning,1(1), pp.25-58. Resources for Mental Health in the Workplace | Think Mental Health. (2017). ThinkMentalHealth.ca. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://thinkmentalhealth.ca/ Services, W. (2017). Workplace Mental Health. Wsps.ca. Retrieved 4 December 2017, from https://www.wsps.ca/Information-Resources/Topics/Mental-Health.aspx Wang, J., Patten, S. B., Lam, R. W., Attridge, M., Ho, K., Schmitz, N., ... Lashewicz, B. M. (2016). The effects of an e-mental health program and job coaching on the risk of major depression and productivity in Canadian male workers: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.JMIR research protocols,5(4), pp.125-325.

Ryanair Marketing Analysis

Introduction Companies conduct market research with an aim of improving on their competitiveness. This is essential for continued growth of such companies. In this regard, they analyse various aspects of service delivery and customer satisfaction as well as competitors. In so doing, they fast track their ability to perform effectively and efficiently in the market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ryanair Marketing Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Airline industry is both competitive and challenging. The cost of fuel is ever rising. In addition, technological advances and innovation is constantly proving to be expensive to airline companies. This has put increased pressure on companies to perform. Moreover, customers are usually unpredictable even though they need quality services. Ryan Air, which is one of the most successful flight companies in the world, has had to work towards offering cheap quality flights to achieve customer satisfaction. It has employed several pricing techniques in order to satisfy the need of various groups of customers. This has enabled it to achieve high market penetration as well as perform fairly in a market that is highly competitive (Cadwalladr, 2012, p. 1). Ryanair Ryanair is a multinational airline company that was founded in 1985. Over the years, it has strengthened its presence all over the world with a mission of providing quality service in order to contribute to society. Having begun with just 25 employees, the company has sprung up and now boasts of 8500 employees. The company is in Ireland with its headquarters in Dublin. Ryan family founded the airline, which has since emerged as a world market leader. Ryan airline is considered the largest in the category of low cost airline throughout Europe. It runs nearly 1500 flights daily from around 51 bases. Its first cabin crew was only 5 ft. 2ins. This happened because of the small aircraft they b egun with in 1985. In 2011, it was estimated that Ryanair carried about 75 million passengers. It has routes in 28 countries with a connection of more than 168 destinations. Despite its low cost measures, the company is considered the most profitable in the world. This shows how consumers love to spend less for quality services. Moreover, the company’s economic policy has enabled it to achieve these impressive results despite news of heavy losses made by most airline industries in the world. This has made them the leaders in airline industry (Bachelor, 2012, p. 1).  Currently, they have opportunities in emerging markets such as Asia, South and Central America as well as Europe for cheap flights that are efficient and save on the cost of transport. The company boasts of about 300 aircrafts (Boeing 737-800). These are the newest aircrafts in Europe and most probably the world with just 2 years as their average age.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In essence, opportunities are solid as they seek to venture into more regions as well as improve on the quality of service they provide. According to news polls, most customers across Europe and in other parts of the world are hoping that Ryanair would reach their destinations. This shows how the company has managed to be successful in planning and strategising for better results. The company has seen growth from a meagre 25 employees to thousands of them. This great achievement occurs in a market that struggles to sustain itself. Most companies are barely managing to pay their expenditure. Ryanair’s business model is highly successful. It should be followed by other airline industries that are struggling to sustain their employees. For instance, 2011 sent shockwaves across the world with rampant strikes by airline employees for better pay as well as massive cutbacks to help sustain the industry . Ryanair’s model is thus important in achieving sustainable airline activities (Edreams International Network, 2013, p. 1). Analysis of the business’s environment Market analysis aims at studying the dynamics and attractiveness of a given business environment within an identified industry. It primarily takes two separate forms. In the first form, investors use market analysis to oversee and analyse its growth curve in order to come up with investment decisions. In the second form, market analysis is a field of study employed by marketers to examine the market in target. Regional and urban economics is the field of studying real estate market analysis in regional and urban setup level. The following segment will look into the business environment of Ryanair (Casselman, 2011, p. 1). Ryanair has utilised its low cost model to achieve significant growth over the years. However, it has faced a number of problems in this regard. For instance, the media has accused it of cha rging extra charges on passengers due to on board charges. However, the company assured customers that they aim to encourage customer that do not carry luggage and do not need other services to pay the least possible amount. Moreover, charges that are alleged are optional since one can choose not to carry a language. Its low cost model has also brought renewed criticism on payment methods, which is alleged to place extra charges on customers (Tutor2u, 2012, p. 1). In addition, their employees have also faced a number of issues since their pay is less than that of other airline employees. This has brought controversy because they are also alleged to have convinced their employees not to join workers union. This is because employees are also allowed to buy shares in the company and thus give them an opportunity to contribute to the running of affairs at the company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Ryanair Marketing Analysis specifically for you for on ly $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s bargaining power has helped it spur growth as they trample their competitors in both cost and quality of services offered. Porter’s analysis gives a positive outlook on their ability to offer competitive advantage. This is attributed to their resource base, price service, and appeal to customers with the latest jets. A discussion of the company’s resources Ryanair has a customer base of about 75 million people. This is huge considering that it is a low cost airline. The low cost business model has enables it to move forward at a rapid rate. This is also attributed to Europe’s deregulation policy on aviation industry. The airline boasts of more than 300 aircrafts with connection to about 170 destinations. It had revenue of 4.325 billion euros in 2012 with an operating income of 683.2 million euros. Moreover, it had a net income of 374.6 million euros. Moreover, its assets were estimated at slightly more than 9 billion euros with equity of 3.308 billion euros. In addition, the company boasted of about 8400 employees in 2012. This shows a massive growth since its expansion in 1997 (Edreams International Network, 2013, p. 1). Threats that face Ryanair include upcoming competitors as well as increasing cost of flight operation. These include fuel costs, which are driving the cost of transport. Moreover, some customers feel that their relatively cheap prices would be related to quality, a notion that is false but can as well work against them. In this regard, they need to perform thorough tests of products before launching them to avoid such misgivings as those witnessed in the sticking accelerators.   Moreover, they should pursue technology in order to appeal to more customers through efficiency, reliability, and cost effectiveness. The SWOT analysis of Ryanair shows that a lot has been done to assure customers of their reliability due to series of success witnessed. In additio n, the company has been instrumental in evaluating its performance. Risk assessment techniques such as SWOT analysis show strength in economic policy, which has energised them to their current levels. This helps to improve a company’s competitiveness. Segmentation within the sector Airline sector has segmentations that have enables smooth conducting of activities. For instance, there are two major segmentations namely, are the low cost airline and the high cost airline. This ensures that airline choose to align with one of the industry’s segmentation to pursue their goals. For instance, there are passengers who would not want to spend on extra services provided onboard.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These group of passenger can pay very low amounts to travel to their destinations without incurring extra charges that are compulsory in high cost airlines. Moreover, they have the option of buying whatever they want as opposed to the other segment in which a standard fee is charged (Greenslade, 2013, p. 1). Segments targeted by Ryanair Airline industry deals with transport of people as well as goods. This is essential in effective safe transport of goods and services. Ryan air targets low cost passenger transport as part of its business model. It offers cheap services as compared to its counterparts such as EssyJets. Moreover, it uses the latest technology of jets in Boeing to spur its growth. However, it is important to note that challenges it faces in this line. Ryanair offers on board services at a cost. This is aimed at making these services optional for passengers to have lower costs of travel. In addition, the airline aims to provide customers with informational required expe dition of its services (Edreams International Network, 2013, p. 1). A discussion of how (or whether) these three elements are related to the business’s performance Market analysis helps in evaluating the market clients and ascertains the most viable courses of action necessary to enhance profitability and sales. Investors generally analyse numerical data, existing market patterns, and probable future patterns of a specific data in carrying out market analysis. They carefully analyse the price movement within a specific sector, events that may affect their commodities and the entire market trend. They may also investigate events like emerging technological discoveries, announced mergers, and profit predictions. The three elements stated above are crucial to the survival of any business model. For instance, airlines that offer low cost services must have enough resources to target numerous customers. This enables them to achieve their goals of high profits through the man custo mers. In essence, low cost model depend on numbers. In this regard, the relationship between these elements is clear in that a firm that chooses to go for low cost segment must have enough capital bases (resources) to get the numbers required for profitability. Moreover, business environment must also be conducive for such services to take place in a successful manner. Ryanair therefore prides itself in finding the unique model based on its resources and segment chosen. However, it is important to note that this has not gone easily as the company faces numerous customer relation issues pegged on their low costs. For instance, some quarters have accused them of paying employees meagre wages while others have accused them of evading tax. Overall, it is necessary to note that these elements are related and have to work together for a company to thrive in airline services as well as in most business sectors (Skyscanner, 2013, p. 1). Conclusion Ryanair has the largest base of customers i n low cost airline industry throughout the globe. This is attributed to the economic policy they adopted which has attracted more customers as well as retained their profitability levels. However, this has not come easy. The company has passed through periods of difficulties when accused of evading tax and charging extraneous services on ticketing, among others. Despite this, they have continued to expand. Currently they have over 300 fleets of aircrafts connecting more than 168 destinations. This is massive for a firm that started with barely 25 employees. Moreover, the challenging market rocked with ever-increasing cost of operation has done little to stop its success. Issues related to their employees have also rocked the news with workers union accusing them of exploitation of workers for higher profits. However, they have reiterated that their focus is to ensure employees own part of the company. Ryanair is a success story that relates the three elements of marketing namely bus iness environment, segment, and resources. These elements are essential in marketing and must work together for success. However, they still face other challenges. These include addressing of employee issues as well as the need to venture in emerging markets and consolidate their position in areas of establishment (Ryanair, 2013, p. 1) Reference List Bachelor, L., 2012, ‘Ryanair introduces extra booking fee.’ The Guardian, 29 November, http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2012/nov/29/ryanair-introduces-extra-booking-fee. Cadwalladr, C., 2012, ‘Ryanair deserves a new name.’ The Guardian, 2 September, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/dec/02/ryanair-needs-a-new-rude-name. Casselman, B., 2011. Consumers’ Fears Hobble Economy, Jones Reprints, New York. Edreams International Network, 2013. Ryanair flights: Timetables, fares and book Ryanair, http://www.edreams.com/offers/flights/airline/FR/ryanair/. Greenslade, R., 2013, ‘Sunday Times apologis es and pays damages to Ryanair.’ The Guardian, 7 January, http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/greenslade. Ryanair, 2013. Cheap Flights: Book cheap flights to Europe with Ryanair, http://www.ryanair.com/en. Skyscanner, 2013. Ryanair flights, http://www.skyscanner.net/airline/airline-ryanair-fr.html. Tutor2u, 2012. Marketing: Pricing approaches and strategies, http://tutor2u.net/business/gcse/marketing_pricing_strategies.htm. This report on Ryanair Marketing Analysis was written and submitted by user Taraji Whitfield to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Song Of Solomon Essays - Song Of Solomon, Milk, Pontius Pilate

Song of Solomon Throughout the centuries many authors have attempted to capture the individuals quest for self-authenticity. In the novel Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison depicts the many aspects of self-actualization, as well as the tormenting road that leads to the shaping of an individual. Through beautiful language, with immense reality, she is able to describe young black mans journey as he uncovers his personal history, myth, and essence. The story revolves around generations, past and present, of a black family in the south. The character of Milkman (Macon Dead jr.) evolves through the descriptions, events, and experiences of others. His parents, Macon Dead sr., and Ruth Foster Dead, represent the wall-blocking Milkman from his true authentic identity. Many of Milkman's major problems are a direct result of his parents suffocating mistakes. Ruth breast-fed Milkman until he was six years old, hence the name Milkman. She was sexually repressed by her husband for twenty years, and used her young son as a substitute for sexual intimacy. Ruth believed that she possessed no authenticity, and that she was insignificant and isolated. By passing these negative attributes and emotions to Milkman she disturbed his natural process for growth, and ultimately left him feeling lost and insecure. Instead of encouraging Milkman to grow and mature, Ruth hoarded him into the world that she herself despised. Milkman's father, Macon Dead sr., became a ruthless money hound after his father, Jake, was shot and killed for his property. This devastating event from his childhood made him miserly, insensitive, and stingy. Macon Dead sr. becomes a money hungry machine because he does not want to suffer the same fate as his father. Macon Dead sr. fails to tell Milkman the reasons behind his miserly attitude. Thus creating an insurmountable gap between their relationship. Milkman's mother and father both thrust their personal fears on him adding to the destruction of his personal identity. Only after Milkman uncovers these tribulations behind his parents' identities, can he begin his quest for self-authenticity. By displacing the profound effect Milkman's parents have on his quest for self-actualization, Morrison is able to convey her theme of generational conflict. Without appropriate parental guidance, honesty, and explanation Milkman has trouble finding the authentic individual within himself. The inner turmoil within both Ruth and Macon Dear sr. reflects negatively upon Milkman, leaving him lost and unfocused. Morrison writes of this hole within Ruth, "?because the fact is that I am a small woman. I don't mean little; I mean small, and I'm small because I was pressed small. (p. 124)" Instead of accepting the problems with their own authenticity, both parents force their unauthentic values on Milkman. The overbearing needs of both parents result in Milkman's need to find his personal Identity in other places, other people. The individual who first inspires Milkman to discover his own identity is Pilate, the forbidden sister of Macon Dead sr. She is a mysterious woman, large, masculine, and frightening. Her brother abandoned her after years of support because she began making wine. Macon Dead sr. this drunken profession, and subsequently forbid Milkman to encounter her. Despite his father's wishes Milkman is intrigued by Pilate and quickly becomes absorbed in her magical, spiritual, fulfilling world. This was the same world that once held his father in awe. Morrison writes, "surrendering to the sound, Macon moved closer. He wanted no conversation, no whiteness, only to listen and perhaps to see the three of them, the source of that music that made him think of fields and of wild turkey and calico. (P.29)" By entering into Pilate's' home Milkman begins to question why his father acts the way he does. Through Pilate, Milkman discovers a past that seems lost within his father. This realization begi! ns Milkman's quest for self-authenticity. Milkman's flight to identity takes him many places. He is fortunate to have a friend, Guitar, who is also lost, and hunting for his authentic identity. The two pursue adventures and their contrasting personalities leave them wit ha wide perspective on events and experiences. While Milkman seems quiet, poetic, almost stumbling on his authentic self. Guitar is eager, outgoing, and aware of his needs. Morrison creates Pilate as a metaphor for a pilot, guiding Milkman through his quest. The

7 Forms of Emphasis in Writing

7 Forms of Emphasis in Writing 7 Forms of Emphasis in Writing 7 Forms of Emphasis in Writing By Mark Nichol At least seven strategies for calling attention to one or more words exist, but few of them are appropriate for a document that one wishes to consider professional looking. The purposes and relative merits of various approaches are discussed below. 1. All-Caps Styling a word, phrase, or sentence entirely in uppercase letters has limited utility: All-caps are employed either to represent speaking at a high volume (therefore, people who use all-caps in email or to comment on online content are often facetiously admonished to stop shouting) or to identify text on signage or in a notice. Assiduously avoid the style, otherwise; reading all-caps is fatiguing to the eye because readers are not used to recognizing so many capital letters in succession. 2. Boldface/Asterisks Boldface is often used for display copy (headings, subheadings, and other text other than the running text, or default wording in a piece of content); another use is to highlight introduced terms that may be defined within the text or in footnotes or a separate glossary. Some writers frame a word or phrase in asterisks to replace the boldface style; notice that in Microsoft Word, doing so will cause the enclosed text to convert to boldface. Avoid boldface for other emphatic uses. 3. Italics/Underscore Italics is the most frequently used type format to indicate emphasis. It is employed for foreign words and phrases that have not been adopted into English, for titles of compositions such as films and books, to represent emphatic speech (for example, in â€Å"You’re not really going to tell her, are you?†), or to refer to a word as a word (for example, â€Å"Define hubris†). The low-tech variation is to frame a word or phrase between underscores (_), but doing so in Microsoft Word will convert the text to italics. 4. Different Point Size Text can be rendered in a larger (or smaller) point size than surrounding text to make a point, but this not recommended for most publications or documents; exceptions include advertising, lighthearted or whimsical content, or children’s books. (One can, for example, emphasize the distinction in volume between a giant or a miniature being and a normal-sized person by increasing or decreasing the size of the type used to indicate the unusually sized person’s speech.) Exceptions include footnotes, captions, and other supporting text. 5. Quotation Marks Quotation marks are often used to bracket a word or phrase used facetiously or ironically, or to represent the writer’s skepticism or a mocking tone (for example, â€Å"The hotel’s ‘luxury’ suite was nearly indistinguishable from any ordinary accommodations†). Overuse of scare quotes, however, is distracting. Quotation marks are often mistakenly employed when something is being identified or introduced. (For example, no quotation marks are required around the phrase â€Å"Richter scale† in the sentence â€Å"The measurement system, called the ‘Richter scale,’ is algorithmic.†) They do, however, take the place of italics in referring to a term as a term when the term consists of more than one word (or to enclose a single word used as a word when italics are not available to or are not used by a publication), as in â€Å"The phrase ‘eminent domain’ has a specific legal definition.† The similarity of purpose here is likely the cause of confusion. 6. Small Caps Small caps are uppercase letters that are equal in height to lowercase letters; in this style, capital letters are usually represented by full-size uppercase letters. Sometimes, the first phrase or line of the first sentence of a chapter or a section of type is styled in small caps for emphasis, and small caps are occasionally employed in place of all-caps, boldface, or italics to provide distinction. 7. Underlining Underlining for emphasis has largely been supplanted by italics. It is now rarely used outside of instructional text to indicate blank spaces to be filled in. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyThe Six Spellings of "Long E"The Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

California and Federal Leave Laws Research Paper

California and Federal Leave Laws - Research Paper Example From this study it is clear that  many states have identified the disadvantages of this present law and the unfavorable impact it is causing on both the employers and the employees. Because of this, twenty-eight states such as New York, California, New Jersey among many other have introduced paid leave bills. This enables workers to get payment from a given period when they are on leave.This paper declares that introduction of SB 1661 legislation in California State in February in 2002 enhanced the existing States Disability Insurance (SDI) system. The present SDI system is already providing partial paid family and medical leave. They also replace 55 to 60 percent of the wage of the employees when they take a leave to recover from serious illness such as pregnancy and disabilities that come because of giving birth. Further, use of SB 1661 extends this medical and family leave insurance system to enable employees replace 50-60 percent of their wages when they take a leave up to 12 w eeks to take care of the newborn or a family member who is seriously sick or after adopting a new baby. Section 233 of the California labor code enables employers to use up to the amount of sick leave that accumulate during the period of six month that they use while caring for family members who are sick. This research paper analyzes different types of leaves laws as well as the differences that exist between California and federal leave laws.

Pepsi Corporation and Its Subsidiaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pepsi Corporation and Its Subsidiaries - Essay Example This made a great impact on the sales as it greatly increased more than its competitors such as Coca-Cola. In the year1940, sugar prices hiked and lead to Pepsi-Cola to drop from 23% to 16% market share. Alfred N. Steele, a former marketing executive with Coca-Cola Company, became President in 1949 and he tagged along 15 other former Coke managers. They came up with a campaign aimed at rejuvenating the company. He expanded the Vice President’s power and set aside $38 million for the purchase of new facilities and plants. He re-standardized the Pepsi-Cola’s taste, revitalized franchising agreements and launched an advertising campaign. All these changes made the image of Pepsi to be a fun, glamorous product from its low-cost portrait. In 1963, Donald M. Kendall took the oath of office after Steele’s death and under him, five policies were created; adverts to be carried out in a big and unpredictable way, expand the soft drink to new territories, come up with innovative packaging, to take Pepsi-Cola to the overseas and diversity through acquisition. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 when Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay Inc. merged. This was the company’s first move in diversification. (Fortune p. 148) From the Frico-Lay Inc.’s merge, PepsiCo continued with its acquisition policy. In 1968, North America Van Lines was acquitted. Later on in1970, Wilson Sporting Goods was added to the acquitted list. Lee waay Motor Freight was acquired in 1976 and the following year Pizza hut was acquired. In 1978, Taco Bell was acquired than in 1982 and 1986, La Petite Boulangerie and Kentucky Fried Chicken were acquired. However, PepsiCo had no managerial expertise in running a business that was not associated with beverages or food. This later led to Kendall selling van line, motor freight and sporting business. In 1986, D. Wayne Calloway succeeded Kendall. Calloway had previously held 9 positions with PepsiCo and played a major role in the success of Frito-Lay.  

Themes in Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Themes in Popular Culture - Essay Example The themes in Springsteen’s songs are often experienced by most people and this perhaps is one of the reasons why his songs became popular among many Americans and other cultures. Springsteen’s ability to bring to life everyday, ordinary circumstances is excellent so that listeners could easily relate to the songs as they enjoy and patronize his music. Along with Springsteen, another contemporary singer was making a name for himself, Bob Seger. The latter is not simply a contemporary of Springsteen but he also wrote songs with similar themes. To see the similarities on the works of the two popular culture artists, I will discuss Seger’s â€Å"Turn the Page† along with the works of Springsteen. â€Å"Turn the Page† tells the life story of Seger in part as an artist. Just like Springsteen, he writes about every day or ordinary situations that reflect his thoughts and emotions. He wrote the aforementioned song while he was on the road, completing a tour and it basically reflects how he felt about the trip. He starts off with a descriptive phrase â€Å"On a long and lonesome highway† which gives a clear picture of a deserted road. The terms â€Å"highway†, â€Å"road† or â€Å"street† are common terms Springsteen often use in his works. For instance, in his song â€Å"Thunder Road†, the phrases â€Å"For a savior to rise from these streets†, â€Å"To trade in these wings on some wheels†, â€Å"Were riding out tonight† and â€Å"Thunder road† all suggest a path, track or the like. Metaphorically, road is used as a symbol for a person’s choices and way of life, a theme that is quite obvious in Springst een’s lyrics. They suggest that in life, people are always presented with different roads and different roles but one cannot walk two roads at the same time. Therefore, a person has to make a choice. For Seger, the road that he has to take is specified; it is â€Å"east of Omaha†. This does not mean that he will have

Irish Immigration to American

Irish Immigration to American Immigration has come a long way in our country. Immigrants have come to this country to capture The American Dream that we see portrayed, nearly every day, on our television screens. Irish immigration occurred as a major rush in 1845. These immigrants came pretty much only came with the clothes on their backs, a little bit of faith, and hope to start a new life in this new world. Like most other immigrant groups, the Irish had it bad. However, unlike other groups of immigration, the Irish had more advantages with their education, politics, and labor unions, which helped them pave their mark in their new American homeland. The Irish famine of 1845, which killed nearly one-eighth of the entire population was the main reason why the Irish immigrated. This was major was because potatoes were the major source of food in Ireland (Donnelly). People ate potatoes to live and survive. People without much money were able to grow them, for they grew in great quantities on just small pieces of land. People had farms of them and grew them to sell them and make money. Potatoes were a godsend for the Irish. Unfortunately, in 1845 a disease or blight struck Ireland. When the blight hit, stemming from a fungus, potato fields turned black. Potatoes rotted soon after they were dug up from the ground. Racked with hunger, people sometimes ate the rotten potatoes anyway and became sick. As the blight spread across Ireland people became desperate (Goldstein 20). The effects of the blight have taken a toll far too great for the people to handle in Ireland and it was time to finally move. Families had no choice and knew that there will be a long period of time before this famine would end. Some believed that they might not even survive through it. The Irish packed their bags and got on ships to America. Some landlords actually bought some Irish their tickets because they knew it would save them money. The method was for the landlords to just but their way out. The landlords bought the people their tickets to ship them off to America. The landlords made promises of money, clothes, and food, so they packed the people in cheap, dirty, and unseaworthy ships. These ships got there name of coffin ships (Johanson). Many of the people who bordered these ships had diseases which were very contagious and easily contracted. People left and right where getting sick and even dying before they even stepped one foot on America. The rides to America on boats took up to eight weeks and with bad weather up to 10 weeks. Still though with all of these mishaps the Irish people still manag ed to have a positive state of mind and were still hopeful of all the fortunes America can bring for them and their families/ Upon arriving in America, The Irish, who were sick, were quarantined and treated. People started to fear that with their conditions they might not even be allowed to enter America. The conditions were horrible and many diseases could not be cured for they were too strong, epically the ones children had. In America the Irish felt as if its a new marriage between two worlds. Some people even poured some soil they brought from Ireland as a symbol of their combination. Now in America families knew it was time to finally experience that America like they always dreamt about. Education is very important for someone who wants to make something out of their lives in America. The Irish knew education offered a promising path to success in America. However, parents found it very difficult for their children to attend school in America. The reason was because most Irish were Catholics. Public schools in America mostly taught by the protestant culture and read from King James or protestant bible.(Henderson) Parents needed a solution, so they came up with the idea of building schools. Parents and cities began to build religious schools to teach their children both academics and Catholic studies.(Jones) When it came to University levels of education, many Irish Americans enrolled in Jesuit Universities, such as Fordham University. With many Irish Americans now enrolled in universities and colleges, they began to receive degrees and enter better professions such as teaching, medicine, engineering, and law. As the number of Irish grew in big cities such as Boston, Philadelphia, and New York so did the political power in the Irish communities. Many Irish politicians organized rallies in neighborhoods with family and friends. With politics rising in the communities, Irish Americans soon became mayors and city councilors. The politicians were effective,  but not always ethical: Some Irish politicians used such tactics like bribing people in exchange for votes(Goldstein.p49) In New York a democratic party called Tammany Hall used such tactics. Tammany Hall won most of their votes from their peers, the Irish communities. Tammany Hall helped immigrants with jobs, social services, and sometimes they even just flat out paid them.(Bayliss) Despite its corrupt reputation, Tammany Hall helped many Irish new comers. Tammany Hall also helped many Irish politicians rise higher in politician ranks. Most famous was Alfred Smith who went from Tammany Hall to New York government, becoming governor in 1919. He also ran for presidency in 1928, but eventually lost to republican Herbert Hoover. Alfred Smith reached very high positions in the offices of government, but he missed one major step left for the Irish Americans to achieve, Presidency. However, that all was changed in the 1960s. Nearly 30 years after Alfred Smiths run and nearly 100 years after the potato famine, John F. Kennedy was elected president of the United States. Many people did not like the idea of him becoming president, epically because he was Catholic. With Kennedys victory, the last Irish barrier to Irish achievement had fallen. An Irish catholic had reached the highest point of office in America. When the Civil War ended, many Irish Americans went back to work in factories, mills, farms, and mining companies. America was now literally booming with population growth. Cities were now filled with cars, railroads, buildings and so forth. The people who were keeping all of this together were the Irish. With these steady jobs in place more Irish began to go out into newer professions, including the most popular job irish hold in the 20th century, the police force. These jobs were very dangerous and women and children worked these jobs, neither of them had no rights. Some jobs with miners had cave-ins which were common. Poisonous gases sometimes seeped into mines and killed many workers. It was a point that where miners lives were in complete control of the mining company. People can conclude that even though the Irish had there politics and education in line they still had a tough time, just like any other group of people like the now freed blacks or any other ethnicity. However, with this mistreatment the Irish actually stood up for themselves with their unions. All across the nation, laborers began to form construction, factory, and mining unions. They joined prominent national groups such as the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor. They had strikes and fought for child and women rights.(Griffin) We can see here that with the Irish bonding together and working as a whole we can see that they fought for rights like no other group of immigrants and they got what they were looking for. The Irish have come through a long way to get and start a new life from Ireland to America. Fortunately, they had some better ways to things than others. Their politics, education, and labor unions helped them secure their presence in America and helped them start their new generations in this once known foreign land. The Irish are now no longer new comers in America.

Principles of assessment in lifelong learning Essay

1. 1Explain the types of appraisal used in womb-to-tomb acquisition. ( 150 words approx. ) Initial/diagnostic appraisal can be taken before learner’s registration for a class. This is a manner of happening out whether the prospective class is suited for a pupil and meets the learner’s needs or non. Formative appraisal can be taken during the programme or a class. Teachers use appraisals in their instruction Sessionss to do opinion about their scholars. Summational appraisal is used to sketch or work out the degree of accomplishment. Summational appraisal is used for a concluding opinion about the acquisition accomplishments. Formal appraisal is used where there is a demand to measure scholars under controlled conditions. Informal appraisal is used as an on-going cheque on understanding without control conditions. This is an assistance for a instructor to supervise advancement. Independent assessment applies to classs where the scholars are assessed by person other than their instructor. Peer appraisal is used where other scholars are at the same degree of accomplishment and cognition and can play a critical function in judging a learner’s accomplishment degree. 1. 2 Explain the usage of methods of appraisal in womb-to-tomb acquisition. ( 150 words approx. ) Different methods can be used for appraisal in the womb-to-tomb acquisition. Short replies: is a good manner of maintaining pupil activities in their acquisitions. Multiple –choice: is a undertaking in which scholar has to choose the right reply from a figure of alternate options. Observation: Observation is used I this programme for appraisal of micro-teach/ instruction pattern bringing. It can be used in any state of affairs where practical accomplishments are being assessed. Undertaking work: involves a piece of written work in which scholars take duty. Essaies: This is a significant piece of written work every bit good. It asks scholars to demo apprehension of the topic. Examinations: can be taken either by written trials or completion of a practical undertaking under controlled conditions. Oral and aural: These assessment trial speech production and listening accomplishments. In this appraisal. scholars are required to listen to something and respond. Electronic appraisal: refers to the usage of information engineering for any assessment-related activity.

An Analysis of Organisational Culture Essay

1 Background of Southwest Airlines Southwest Airlines is a major American airline and pioneer in low-fare air transportation in the world, based in Dallas, Texas. Southwest Airlines is known for its low prices and no-frills service. Based on the U.S. Department of Transportation’s most recent data, Southwest is the nation’s largest carrier in terms of boarding domestic passengers. (Southwest Airlines, 2014) Southwest Airlines was founded in 1967 by Rolling King and Herb Kelleher. It started its operation in 1971 covering intrastate Texas cities, Dallas, Houston and San Antonio. Originally, the airline was only serving Texan cities but few years later, the company has progressively enlarged its service to other American states. Southwest Airlines was able to differentiate themselves from their competitors by offering the lowest prices. At first, many practices of Southwest Airlines had been see as irregular and had been disdain by other airlines. However, it’s Low-cost  strategy has won a great victory in the US especially, when the airline industry suffered difficulties after the terrorist attack. In 2011, the acquisition of Air Tran Airways allowed Southwest Airlines to serve international destinations in five near-international countries. According to the Southwest Airlines’ official report, the airline has nearly 46,000 employees and operates more than 3,400 flights per day. Southwest Airlines has acquired many awards, such as it had been ranked as 18th on the World’s Most Respected Companies by Financial Times (2011) and was given the title; the world’s most admired companies for 20 consecutive years in Fortune’s 2014 list. 2 Induction of The Practice In the United States, Southwest Airlines has been the most successful airline in its industry. This success is largely due to its effective human resource practices, most of which fall under the rubric of employee. A study by Miles, S,J. & Mangold, W,G. (2005), demonstrate an interview with Colleen Barrett, President and Chief Operating Officer of Southwest Airlines that she credited Southwest’s success to its employees. On the hand, In 2008, a large number of companies cut jobs in order to face Global Financial Crisis. However, Dickler, J. (2008) reported that Southwest Airlines is committed to avoiding layoffs at all costs during the recession and employees in the company have never felt that their job is in jeopardy due to the economy. Research by Glassdoor blog (2010) indicated that Southwest Airlines is the best company to work for. Clearly, Southwest Airlines focuses its attention on its employees. Kotter researched the corporate culture and performance (2012) and come to the conclusion that organizational culture has the ability to improve organizational performance and employee job satisfaction. Southwest Airlines demonstrated a perfect performance in terms of corporate culture. Over the years, the company has imposed a strong corporate culture that made the company even stronger. I will apply Schein’s framework to approach practice of Southwest Airlines that the company centers around the relation privileged with its employees and the employee focused culture lead to Southwest Airlines successful. By adapting the Schein framework, we can  approach understanding of the organizational culture of Southwest Airlines. 3 Justification of Framework There are many reasons using Schein’s framework to analyze organizational culture. First, He divided culture into three levels, namely artifacts, values and basic assumptions. These levels are used as a basis for assessing any organizational culture.( Comer, M., n.d.) Therefore the framework can be used to analyze dimensions of organizational culture influence employees in Southwest airline. Second, it is a popular viewpoint be used in many literatures on organization culture. (Sun, S.,2008) Third, Alvesson & Berg, (1992) indicate that the framework having received less criticism. Moreover, Kong, S. H. (2000) and Miles, S,J., Mangold, W,G. (2005) also indicated Schein’s three levels model has capability to combine a number of perspectives in cultural studies. Additional, An onion diagram of organizational culture that developed by Hofstede et al. (1997) is based on Schein’s model. Hofstede divided culture in to four layers that include symbols, heroes, rituals and values. The similarities between both models are focused on the physical assumptions that shape the ideology of culture and lead to the norms and values. However, the model of Schein encompasses more aspects than the model of Hofstede. On the other hand, there are some critiques of Schein model form scholars viewpoints. First, Hatch, M. J. (1993). indicates that Schein’s model is lack of the dynamic role of assumptions and beliefs in creating and changing organizational culture. Second, Tuan, L,T. and Venkatesh, S. (2010) proposed the model developed by martins extend more on the interaction between the organizational sub-systems, the two survival functions, namely the external environment and the internal systems, and the culture dimensions. 4 Explanation of Framework Schein (2004) defined organizational culture as a â€Å"dynamic phenomenon that surrounds us at all times, being constantly enacted and created by our interactions with others and shaped by leadership behavior, and a set of  structures, routines, rules, and norms that guide and constrain behavior†. To fully understand the meaning of culture, he defined organizational culture consists with three levels as represented in Figure. 1 First level of Schein’s model is the most visible indicator of culture that consists of artefacts and creations. Artefacts represent the physical construct of the organization and its social environment and provide a superficial glimpse of an organization’s culture because the true significance or meaning that lies behind their use can be difficult to decipher and interpret.( Pierce J, G. 2004) The surface of a culture can be easily observed from Physical layout of the building, Communication methods, Dress code, social interplay and informal structure. According to Brown, G (2014) Organizational artifacts and creations be split into six characteristics : Norms are the assumptions made by employees following historical evidence as to the normal ways of achieving things in the organization. Language is the way managers speak a business term to subordinates and vice versa is a clear indicator of culture. ( Brown, G. 2014) Symbols used as the way of communicating that associated with culture. Rites demonstrated by the collective interpersonal behavior and values constitute formal or informal culture structures. Myths and stories are narrative based on events that shared among employees and used as a method of communicating core values. Taboos are the indicators of what should not be done in the organization. Those institutionalized artefacts serves as a guide to channel behaviours toward desired behavious that vest fit the value of organizational culture. Figure 1. Model of culture indicating different levels of culture Second level of Schein’s model examines the values and beliefs of the organization. Values provide organizational members with a sense of the moral and ethical codes which shape an organization. Such values and beliefs include trust, effort, basis of reward and honesty; these must be followed through to growth a culture. Schein believed that organizational values are not as apparent as organizational artifacts. However, he states that they do exist at a greater level of awareness than â€Å"basic underlying assumptions,†Ã‚  which he identifies as his third level of cultural manifestation. ( Pierce J, G., 2004) The latest is the most important since as Schein puts it â€Å"Human minds needs cognitive stability and any challenge of a basic assumption will release anxiety and defensiveness†. The third and core level of organizational cultural performance is basic assumptions. These basic assumptions especially from the continuous use of a problem solution that are often so fundamental and repeatedly been successful in the past and has unconsciously been taken for granted. Typical basic assumptions include: the basis on which individuals are respected, the basis of the firms’ ability to compete, the use of involvement and participation and How and whom makes decisions. (Brown, G. 2014) According to Comer, M. ( n.d.), the best way to identify underlying assumptions is through a process meeting where artifacts are listed, values discussed and underlying assumptions are reviewed. Schein’s three levels of the manifestation of organizational culture can be depicted as an iceberg as presented in figure 2, with the most visible level at the top which is artefacts. In the iceberg metaphor, organizational values, are closer to the surface and provide a more accurate assessment of the organization’s culture. However, the true scope of the culture still remains hidden beneath the surface. (Pierce, J, G., 2004) the basic assumptions of an organization’s culture lies beneath the surface and is very difficult to recognized. Figure 2. Iceberg Conceptual Model of Schein’s Three Levels of the Manifestation of Organizational Culture. 5 An Analysis of The Practice In the level of artefacts and creations, these visible indicators cab be observed by employee in the southwest airline and outsiders. The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedicated to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit. (Southwest, 2015) The culture at Southwest Airlines is visible in many ways. Norms are informal ground rules that provide guidelines concerning appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a group. (Calvary, W. 2014) In Southwest Airlines, fun and celebrating are the norm. Southwest Airlines has creating their own language, such as â€Å" passengers are Customers, and love is LUV†. This unusual language style also provides leaders at Southwest Airlines with many opportunities to spread and connect Southwest’s corporate culture together. ( Lauer, C. 2010) Symbols communicate the culture through unspoken messages and mental images held by employees. Logo of Southwest Airlines with a heart, it shows Southwest Airlines’ spirit with love and employees work with fun and humors. Southwest Airlines has had several slogans that have indicated company’s value and caught the attention of customers and employee, such as â€Å"Just Plane Smart† (Southwest Airlines, 1992). This slogan somewhat promotes a sense of humor that Southwest Airlines have always had that approach in an informal way (Organizational Dynamics, 1992). Southwest Airlines created many rites to do with employees. Once employees are hired, they are immediately given a celebration greeting into the company (Tyler, 1998). Through the rite in the Southwest Airlines, it shows the warmth and friendly culture in the company. There are many stories had been share in the Southwest Airlines, such as successful events and failure experiences from employees. Southwest Airlines called the story as LUV Story that enhances the customers’ experience, and that helps employees understand how they should behave in a particular situation The middle level value and beliefs, values are the foundation for an organization’s mission, vision, and defined by different beliefs of the company. The clearer an organization’s shared perceptions and values are defined, the stronger people can associate with its mission and feel a vital  part of it.( Racelis, A ,D., 2009) The core values in the Southwest Airlines are fun loving and spirited. First, Southwest Airlines focus on the situations, issues, or behavior, not on the person. People in the company should find a solution instead of judging others. Second, maintain the self confidence and self-esteem of others. Southwest Airlines offer employees not only the internal training programs, but also provide employees with external training whenever they want to advance their careers. Additional, Southwest Airlines also uses an employee recognition program to reinforce employees, such as President’s Award, Winning Spirit Award and Star of the Month. According to the Southwest report, the company will hold an event called Heroes of the Heart every year on Valentine’s Day. The event takes place at Headquarters in Dallas, where employees with good performance will be awarded by president Colleen Barrett. ( West, R. 2014) People enjoy in it and part of the fun in the party is the surprise when the winning team is announced. The winning Team holds one of the highest honors at Southwest Airlines. Therefore, Southwest Airlines won the hearts and minds of their employees. Deal, T. E., & Key, M. K. (1998) note that Southwest Airlines is a model company in providing both frequent spontaneous praise (acknowledgment) on current behaviors as well as having formal recognition programs which reward past behaviors. Third, to maintain positive relationships with employees, colleagues and managers, Southwest Airlines focuses on a team environment that enables employees embrace their connections with one another. Southwest Airlines has always placed little emphasis on formal organizational company structure, that employees are given authority to make decisions and Supervisors view their subordinates as internal customers who deserve help in doing their jobs better. (Gittell, J. H. 2004) Fourth, fun and love attitude. Southwest Airlines create an environment that combines humor with responsibility. Southwest Airlines places the highest importance in its selection process on employee that hire for attitude that based on their social skills. Employees can use any talents they have in order to entertain the customers as long as  they make them happy. There are many popular videos about the funny safety speech made by Southwest flight attendant that consists of rapping or singing when they present the safety rules such as Hilarious Southwest Airline Safety Presentation that is recently the most popular video on the internet. A relaxed atmosphere at work makes Southwest Airlines’ employees happy and this also keeps customers coming back because they like this style. It shows that having fun in the working environment is an essential value of the company. Fourth, Southwest Airlines holds variety events in many fun loving ways to implicate their value. In 2011, the celebration of 40th Anniversary Southwest Airlines held 40th Anniversary parties at three cities—Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio (Southwest Airlines, 2014). Every year Southwest Airlines hosts a huge Halloween party at its Dallas headquarters (West, R. 2014). The events convey beliefs of the fun and loving culture and made it become a tradition at Southwest Airlines. At the deepest level, basic assumptions are below our awareness. The assumptions that shape the organizational culture can be exposed by observing how employees interact and the decisions they make. Southwest Airlines is noted for operating according to basic assumptions that value employees’ welfare and providing high-quality services. (Qwabe, N. P., n.d.) Southwest Airlines implicates no layoff policy. According to Southwest Airlines’ report (2010), Southwest Airlines offers Employees the freedom to pursue good health, create financial security, travel. Southwest Airlines also has a long tradition of bridging the work divide by seeking to accommodate the needs of families through flexible scheduling and ensuring that managers do not devote too much time to the job at the expense of their families. (Gittell, J. H. 2004) These values and beliefs informs employees of exactly what is expected of them and help them understand the organization. 6 Conclusions Organizational cultures can have multiple impacts on employee performance. Normally, employees work harder to achieve organizational missions if they  immerse themselves in the organizational culture. First, the case of Southwest airlines shows that the company puts its employees in priority that they implement a no layoff policy. Employees feel secure in their job, and enjoy a high level of compensation. In addition, Southwest Airlines sees employees as the greatest assets of the company. Second, Southwest Airlines creates an happiness environment and operate with the concept, love (LUV). Southwest Airlines encourages employees to work with humor and responsibility, that happy working atmosphere not only greatly improve the efficiency of their work but also get recognized by customers. Third, team work is crucial in the company, Southwest treat employees as family member instead of worker. Southwest creates the maximum welfare to employees and returned loyalty from employees. The effect of organizational culture relates to its strength. Organizational culture strength based on how broadly and deeply employees hold the company’s values and basic assumptions. In a strong organizational culture, most employees embrace all beliefs and values that through well-established creations and artefacts, as a result of that those values are difficult to change. Furthermore, strong cultures tend to be long-lasting. (Ojo,O. 2009) According to Sun, shili (2008), a strong culture (one in which beliefs and values are widely shared and strongly held) can also offer many advantages. Southwest creates a strong organizational culture that majority of the people hold the same basic beliefs and values as applies to the organization. The performance of employees improves by strong culture in Southwest Airlines. A strong culture provides Southwest Airlines with immersing everyone in the culture immediately and has awareness of culture. Thereby, every individuals in the Southwest Airlines with shared values that assist employees achieve organizational goals successfully. References Alvesson, M., & Berg, P. O. (1992). Corporate culture and organizational symbolism. Brown, G. (2014, September 30). The learning organisation [PowerPoint slides]. Calvary, W. (2014). Beliefs and Norms [Powerpoint]. Comer, M. (n.d.). Cultural Congruence Model: A framework for examining organizational culture. The Hayes Group International. Corporate-Fact-Sheet. (2014). Retrieved from Southwest Airlines website: http://www.swamedia.com Deal, T. E., & Key, M. K. (1998). Corporate celebration: Play, purpose, and profit at work. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Pub. Dickler, J. (2008, December 11). Even in recession, some employers stick to no-layoff policy. CNN. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/ Financial times. (2011, October 31). The world’s most respected companies. Financial times. Retrieved from http://www.ft.com Gittell, J. H. (2004). The Southwest Airlines Way: Using the Power of Relationships to Achieve High Performance. Glassdoor. (2014). 50 Best places to work in the US [Web log post]. Retrieved from www.glassdoor.com Hatch, M. J. (1993). The dynamics of organizational culture. Cross-cultural Research, 18(4), 657-693.. Hilarious Southwest Airline Safety Presentation (Open Captions) [Video file]. (2014, June 17). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com Hofstede, G. (1998). Attitudes, Values and Organizational Culture: Disentangling the Concepts. Organization Studies, 19(3), 477-492. doi:10.1177/017084069801900305 Kong, S. H. (2000). A Discourse on the Roots of Mainland Chinese Organizations. Euro Asia Journal of Management, 21, 105-142. Lauer, C. (2010). Southwest Airlines. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. Miles, S. J., & Mangold, W. G. (2005). Positioning Southwest Airlines through employee branding. Business Horizons, 48, 535-545. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2005.04.010 Ojo, O. (2009). Impact assessment of corporate culture cn employee job performance. Business Intelligence Journal, 2(2), 388-397. Retrieved from http://www.saycocorporativo.com/ Philips, M. E. (1990). Industry as a Cultural Grouping (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Los Angeles. Pierce, J. G. (2004). Organizational Culture and Professionalism: An Assessment of the Professional Culture of the U. S. Army Senior Level Officer Corps (Doctoral diss ertation, The Pennsylvania State University). Qwabe, N. P. (n.d.). Organisational Culture, Innovation and Creativity | Nombali Qwabe – Academia.edu. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu Racelis, A. D. (2010). Relationship between Employee Perceptions of Corporate Ethics and Organizational Culture: An Exploratory Study. Asia Pacific Management Review, 15(2), 251-260. Retrieved from http://apmr.management.ncku.edu.tw/ Schein, E. (1996). Culture: the missing concept in organisation studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(2), 229-240. Southwest Airlines. (2010). southwestonereport. Retrieved from http://southwestonereport.com Tuan, L. T., & Venkatesh, S. (2010). Organizational culture and technological innovation adoption in private hospitals. International Business Research, 3(3), 144-153. Retrieved from www.ccsenet.org Tyler, K. (1998). Take new employee orientation off the back burner. HRMagazine, 43, 49-57. West, R. (2014, December 19). Flashback Fridays: Halloweens of the Past [Blog of Southwest]. Retrieved from http://www.blogsouthwest.com World’s most admired companies – Fortune. (2014). Retrieved January 5, 2014, from http://fortune.com

Solutions to Computer Viruses

Solutions to Computer Viruses Introduction As much as technology is useful to human beings, it comes with its challenges. One of such challenge that has troubled technology users for a long period of time is computer viruses. They refer to computer programs that are created by malicious software developers or computer programmers to harm other people’s computers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Computer Viruses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Computer viruses are a great problem as they cause damage to data and they can potentially lead to system malfunction (Brain 1). Other viruses can be used by hackers to get information from other people’s computers without permission. Solutions to computer viruses The best solution for the problem of computer viruses is installation of antivirus software on computer systems. Once antivirus software is installed in a computer system, it protects the computer system from such malici ous software and ensures that any program that runs in the computer system is authorized. Examples of antivirus software include Kaspersky, McAfee, Norton, Avast etcetera. The only down side of antivirus software is that they are also programs and thus they are not intrinsically perfect. The antivirus software is thus frequently updated in order for it to efficiently protect a computer system (Brain 1). This may prove to be expensive to the user although the cost of updating antivirus software is not as high as the initial cost of acquiring the antivirus software. The computer system user should also be extra careful while using his/her computer. This is especially crucial when the user is working with online application since the World Wide Web has many viruses. Sometimes hackers and virus developers may even develop an application that will ask the user to click on a window to see what it contains. On clicking the window, the virus is permitted to run in the users computer systems and, this way, it may lead to performance bottlenecks or cause serious loss of data. It is thus of essence for users to ensure that they do not run applications that they are not sure about.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Users should also avoid being gullible while viewing high risk sites like entertainment sites in which such applications are found. Other links and images that may be sent as spam messages by hackers and virus developers should also be avoided. This is because most computers get infected with viruses though the use of the internet. Conclusion With the continued use of, and advancement in, technology, a lot of technology-related problems have arisen. Viruses are more destructive than ever. Organizations are continually losing important and costly information. This calls for keener and greater care of our computer systems against the effects of virus es. Other measures that people can take to mitigate the effects of viruses are ensuring that files are properly backed-up so that once information is lost the organization does not go back to the drawing board. Efforts should also be made to ensure that once a computer system is infected with viruses, the information saved in it is salvaged. For instance, files and information in a computer system operating a Windows Operating System can be salvaged by running a live CD of the Linux OS. This is done by booting the computer system from the Linux OS CD and finding the files that are not part of the Windows System files, and are not created by the user. The only disadvantage of this kind of operation is that it requires a highly intelligent IT (Information Technology) professional. Brain, Marshall. â€Å"How Computer Viruses Work†. 2010 – January 13, 2010, https://computer.howstuffworks.com/virus.htm.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Computer Viruses specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Essay Sample on Women’s Soccer

Essay Sample on Women’s Soccer Gabrielle Smart is entering her second season at the head of the Utah Valley State College womens soccer program. Smart took on the program in its first year of sanctioned intercollegiate play last fall. She is a B-license United States Soccer Federation coach, and has  measurable coaching and playing experience. Smart is a former BYU soccer player. She graduated from LaSerna High School in Whittier, California, in 1994. She was All-State on a Whittier team that finished second in the state her senior year and went to state every year she played. She also went to state on the Whittier swim team in the 50 meter free style event. Smart played for BYU in 1994 under coach Jennifer Rockwood while the team was in a club status, and in 1995 when the program went intercollegiate. She graduated from BYU in 1999 with a bachelors degree in recreation management. Before coaching at UVSC, Smart was the head coach at Orem High, and directed her team to a second place finish in the region. Previous to that she spent two years in a co-coaching assignment at Springville High with Mikelle Roth. The Red Devils went to state both years. Smart is also a head coach in the Celtic Storm soccer club program. Her team is considered to be one of the best in the state, and finished first in the U-17 league. In addition to her soccer interests, Smart is training to be a triathlete and hopes to compete in meets this summer. Triathlete competitions include a combination of running, swimming, and biking. Smart lists Wenatchee, Washington, as her home town. She lived there until she was in the eighth grade, then moved to Whittier. I have been hoping UVSC would get an intercollegiate soccer program, said Smart. And I am so excited to be able to be a part of it. There is so much soccer talent in this area. I have no question that we will be able to be very competitive and build a great program. We are extremely excited, said UVSC Director of Athletics Mike Jacobsen, to finally be able to advance our soccer program from club status to an intercollegiate program. Womens soccer is very big, both locally and on the national scene. Gabrielle has excellent credentials and coaching experience and will do a great job taking Wolverine soccer to the next level. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Soccer topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Why are the words of the blues so important Essay

Why are the words of the blues so important - Essay Example Blues are normally characteristic of songs that convey the deep struggles of the black people in several aspects of life, particularly the ones that occur to reflect the bitter past on account of their historical and racial conflicts during the times of the Civil War and the War on Independence prior. Through world history, it has become widely known that blacks had a significant number of excruciating encounters of slavery, social injustice, sex and labor abuse, as well as other forms of oppression, being treated as an inferior race and all these, apparently, constitute the lyrical blues quite specific to them. On this ground, the words of the blues acquire profound essence as they collectively embody the nature and identity of the blacks in association to their ordeals, sufferings, adventures, and indifference to the superior race through times. As a concrete instance, when Bill Lucas sings â€Å"I’m just a poor boy; people, I can’t even write my name / Every letter in the alphabet to me they look the same †¦ I just been a poor boy; ain’t caught nothing but hell†, he sings to the true beat of black rhythm that speaks of poverty and lack of academic opportunity due to color discrimination, affecting many black communities including his family whose main wage source comes from farming. 2. Why were work songs important to the slaves and later to African Americans who worked in the fields? Look at the lyrics of Rosie. What do these lyrics say about the African American culture of the time? (6 points) Based on J.T. Titon’s findings, â€Å"the song ‘Rosie’ was used to regulate the axe blows when the workers were felling large trees .. Without work songs, the white and Latino inmates chopped two to a tree – With work songs, the black inmates chopped four, six, eight, or ten to a tree.† This scenario illustrates how the prison workers derive inspiration to do heavy work or duty efficiently through wor k songs. In the song ‘Rosie’, the lines â€Å"Be my woman, gal, I’ll be your man †¦ When she walks she reels and rocks behind† indicate the fondness of African American culture on love and romance, especially the manner in which men express intense devotion to the women they love so that romantic themes in work songs enhance the motivating effect of rhythms. Similarly, in the past, black slaves and African Americans of the later age had sung work songs for the positive influence these songs create on their attitude, becoming disposed to higher level of productivity at work and gaining more sense of solidarity and fulfilment as music brought workmates together toward warm companionship in order to drive away anxieties and accomplish larger amount of tasks. 3. What roles does music play in the religious service described in the first part of the chapter in your text? What is the Deacon’s Devotional? What is whooping? How is this type of religious service connected to African rituals we’ve looked at? (8 points) In the religious service music, as music of worship, functions as a powerful element of devotion and a means to grow further in spiritual faith and loyalty to the church as such music guides and moves the people of the church to solemn thoughts and positive energy levels by which to expel the daily troubles of life. Black churches normally possess the most compelling music of worship out of â€Å"modern gospel quartets, powerful massed choirs, and soloists† whose enthusiastic and emotional singing performance may be observed as highly

Reading Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Questions - Essay Example Education is the foundation of our current global economy which is driven by knowledge. Many Americans enjoy the privilege of obtain student visas to study in renounce universities outside the United States. Student visas foster professional development by allowing foreign people to study in the United States. The knowledge economy of the 21st needs more people to sacrifice themselves studying in order to improve themselves. There should be any imposition on student visas and the government should create new mechanism to make it easier for foreign student to stay in the US once the graduate. There is a shortage of talent in the US, thus keeping these professionals contributing to our economy once they graduate is in the US best interest. Based on the assumption that immigrants created cost for US taxpayers a remedy for this situation is to create a special tax bracket for illegal immigrants so that can contribute to our fiscal situation. Another way for immigrants to contribute to our economy is by creating special programs in which immigrants would have to volunteer their time free of charge to contribute towards social causes. Another way to generate income towards the national economy is to place a price on visas. For example a visa can cost a person $10,000; the money would not have to be paid up front in order to eliminate discrimination against poor people. The immigrants would have to pay the fee by working legally in the United States while their visa is valid. These strategies would be independent of the criteria to become a legal resident. There are differences between the immigrants now and the immigrants from a century ago. A100 years ago the United States was not as populated and it actually needed the immigrant labor to meet the demand for jobs. Nowadays the US economy is not even able to create jobs for its own residents. The